Abstract: oncological diseases and mortality from them currently occupy one of the leading places in the world (according to WHO data in 2012, 8.2 million deaths), and the treatment of such patients, including modern chemotherapy and radiation methods, often remain not only ineffective, but sometimes lead to severe lesions of healthy tissues and organs. One of the possible ways to reduce cancer is chemoprophylaxis, including the use of different etiologies. The most promising in this area are considered to be compounds of plant origin due to their low toxicity, which is especially necessary in conditions of long-term therapeutic and prophylactic use. The experiment was performed on 90 Wistar rats, during which the effect of prophylactic administration of swamp air polysaccharides on liver and esophageal carcinogenesis induced by four-month administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine with drinking water was studied. The use of dietary polysaccharides of swamp air at a dose of 75 mg/kg did not reveal any adverse reactions in control rats, and the simultaneous administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine and polysaccharides contributed to the inhibition of carcinogenesis, with later malignancy, a 26.1% decrease in the incidence of neoplastic changes in liver tissue and a plurality of esophageal tumors on average from 5.3 to 3.0 tumors in one rat. It is obvious that the ability of the calamus polysaccharides of swamp chemoprophylactic activity in experimental liver and esophageal malignancies induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine is due to a decrease in lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant activity.
Keywords: carcinogenesis in the liver and esophagus, N-nitrosodiethylamine, chemoprophylaxis, Calamus polysaccharides